Exploring the Saltiness Resilience of one Rangeland's Species (Agropyron desertorum) in Several Phenological Stages

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Nature engineering, University of Kashan, Iran

10.22052/jdee.2023.253440.1089

Abstract

The Resistance to environmental salinity in rangeland plant species has different mechanisms, and one of the most effective factors in this field is different phenological stages. In The current study salinity tolerance of one rangeland's species (Agropyron desertorum) at different phenological stages was examined. The treatments included five saline irrigation levels: 0.50 (Well water as control), 2, 4, 8 and 10 dS m-1 and three phenological stages at which salinity was applied: Germination, (2-leaf), flowering and before seeding. Growth parameters, ions accumulation and oxidative effects in this rangeland's spices were evaluated. According to the results, the effect of salinity varied from phenological stages and a significant reduction in plant shoot and root dry weights, root length, height, and potassium (shoot and root) concentration was observed under salinity stress. Also, tissue sodium concentration and antioxidant enzymes activities were enhanced due to salt stress.The negative effects on growth parameters and biochemical attributes were quite evident in higher levels of salinity. The salt stress at the early phenological stage had a more severe effect on plant growth than that applied at the later phenological stages. Based on Van-Genuchtan and Hoffman equation, the salt tolerance threshold analysis worked out as 50% reduction of Agropyron desertorum that were 6.50, 7.98 and 10.00 dS m-1 at germination, (2-leaf), flowering and before seeding, respectively. However, the plants were able to recover in terms of accumulation of ion and antioxidant enzymes as well as those without stress when salt stress was introduced at the seed germination stage. Overall, Agropyron desertorum has been shown to have a sensitivity at early phenology and relatively tolerance in subsequent phases of development.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Aftab, M. Sun H-N, Li C-L and Chen F-D, 2011. salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of the potential some halophyte spicies. Environmental and Experimental Botany 50: 131-140.
  2. Al-Whaibi, M. H., M. H. Siddiqui and M. O.Basalah. 2011. 'Salicylic acid and calciuminduced protection of wheat against salinity'.Protoplasma, 249: 769-778.
  3. Ashraf, M. and P.J.C. Harris. 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci., 166: 3-16.
  4. Ashraf, M., N.A. Akram, R.N. Arteca and M.R. Foolad. 2010. The physiological, biochemical and molecular roles of brassinosteroids and salicylic acid in plant processes and salt tolerance. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 29: 162-190.
  5. Burnett, S., Thomas, P. and M., Van Lersel, 2005. Post germination drenches with PEG -8000 reduce growth of salvia and marigolds. Hortic. Sci. 40: 675-679.
  6. Chance, B. and A.C. Maehly. 1995. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol., 2: 764-765.
  7. Dhindsa, R.S., P. Plumb-Dhindsa and T.A. Thorpe. 1981. Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J. Exp. Bot., 32: 93-101.
  8. Ellis, R. A. and E. H. Roberts, 2006. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 9: 373-409.
  9. Flagella Z, Giuliani M, Rotunno T, Di Caterina R and De Caro A, 2004. Effect of saline water on oil yield and quality of a high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus (L.)) hybrid. European Journal of Agronomy 21:267-272.
  10. Frary, A., D. Gol, D. Kels, B. Okmen, H. Pinar, O.Sigva, H. A. Yemenicioglu and S. Doganlar.2010. 'Salt tolerance in Solanum pennellii:antioxidant response and related QTL'. BMC Plant Biol., 10: 58.
  11. Guan Z-Y, Su Y-J, Teng N-J, Chen S-M, Sun H-N, Li C-L and Chen F-D, 2013. Morphological, physiological,and structural responses of two species of Artemisia to NaCl stress. The Scientific World Journal. Vol. 2013, Article ID 309808, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/309808.
  12. Hameed M and Ashraf M, 2008. Physiological and biochemical adaptations of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.from the Salt Range (Pakistan) to salinity stress. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 203: 683-694.
  13. Hosseini, H. and P. Rezvani Moghadam,2006. Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on Isabgol (Plantago ovata ). Irananian Jour. Farm research , 14: 15 -21 . (In Persian).
  14. In salicylic acid and derivatives in the induction of multiple stress tolerance in plants'. Plant Growth Regul. 39: 77-81.
  15. Jaleel, C. A., R. Gopi, B. Sankar, P. Manivannan, A.Kishorekumar, R. Sridharan and R.Panneerselvam. 2007. 'Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipidperoxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus seedlings under salt stress'. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73:190–195.
  16. Khalid KA and da Silva JAT, 2010. Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis (L.) flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 126: 297-305.
  17. Khan S. M., Nazir J., Zahoor HK., Sultan MK., 2006. Yield performance of oyster mushroom. Pak. J. Phytopathology. 18:89-93.
  18. Koyro H-W, 2006. Effect of salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of the potential cash crop halophyte Plantago coronopus (L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 56: 136-146.
  19. Mittova, V., M. Guy, M. Tal and M. Volokita. 2002. Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii to salt-dependent oxidative stress: increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in root plastids. Free Rad. Res., 36: 195-202.
  20. Munns, R., R.A. Jamesand and A. L. auchli. 2006. 'Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals'. J. Exp. Bot. 57,1025–1043.
  21. Parida A.K., A.B. Das and P. Das. 2005. 'NaCl stress causes changes in photosynthetic pigments,proteins and other metabolic components in the leaves of a true mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora, in hydroponic cultures'. J. Plant Biol. 45: 28–36.
  22. Parvaiz, A. and S. Satyawati. 2008. 'Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants'. A review. Plant Soil and Environment, 54(3): 89-99.
  23. Qureshi MI, Israr M, Abdin M and Iqbal M, 2005. Responses of Artemisia annua L. to lead and salt-induced oxidative stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 53: 185-193.
  24. Sabra A, Daayf F and Renault S, 2012. Differential physiological and biochemical responses of three Echinacea species to salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae 135: 23-31.
  25. Safarnejad, A. and H. Hamidi, 2008. Study of morphological characters of Foeniculum vulgare under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 16:125 -140 . (In Persian).
  26. Sairam RK, Rao KV and Srivastava G, 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science 163:1037-1046.
  27. Sairan, R.K. and A. Tyagi. 2004. 'Physiology and molecular biology of salinity stress tolerance in plants'. Curr. Sci. 86, 407–421.
  28. Sarwat M, Ahmad P, Nabi G and Hu X, 2013. Ca2+ signals: the versatile decoders of environmental cues. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 33: 97-109.
  29. Senaratna,T., D. Merrit, K. Dixon, E. Bunn, D.Touchell and K. Sivasithamparam. 2003.'Benzoic acid may act as the functional group.
  30. Stephanie, M., H. Larri and B. Saki, 2005. 'Salt stress and responses of rangeland's plants'. Plant Soil and Environment, 50(2): 67-89.
  31. Sticher, L., B. Mauch-mani and J.P. Metraux.2007. 'Systemic acquired resistance'. Annu.Rev. Phytopathol. 35: 235-270.
  32. Teymori, A. and M. Jafari. 2007. 'Effect of salt stress on some morphological and anatomicalcharacteristics (Salsola dendrides Pall, Salsola rigida SCG, Salsola richteri Moq)'. J. Range and Desert of Iran, 17 (1), 21-34.
  33. Van-Genuchtan, M.T. and G.J. Hoffman. 1984. Analysis of crop salt tolerance data, soil salinity under irrigation process and management. Ecol. Stud, 51: 258-271.
  34. Yang, Y., M. Qi and C. Mei. 2004. 'Endogenous salicylic acid protects rice plants from oxidative damage caused by aging as well asbiotic and abiotic stress'. Plant J. 40:909–919.
  35. Zahra, S., B. Amin, M.V.S. Ali, Y. Ali and Y. Mehdi.2010. 'The salicylic acid effect on the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) sugar,protein and proline contents under salinity stress (NaCl)'. J. Biophy., Struc., Biol. 2(3): 35-41.

References

  1. Aftab, M. Sun H-N, Li C-L and Chen F-D, 2011. salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of the potential some halophyte spicies. Environmental and Experimental Botany 50: 131-140.
  2. Al-Whaibi, M. H., M. H. Siddiqui and M. O.Basalah. 2011. 'Salicylic acid and calciuminduced protection of wheat against salinity'.Protoplasma, 249: 769-778.
  3. Ashraf, M. and P.J.C. Harris. 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci., 166: 3-16.
  4. Ashraf, M., N.A. Akram, R.N. Arteca and M.R. Foolad. 2010. The physiological, biochemical and molecular roles of brassinosteroids and salicylic acid in plant processes and salt tolerance. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 29: 162-190.
  5. Burnett, S., Thomas, P. and M., Van Lersel, 2005. Post germination drenches with PEG -8000 reduce growth of salvia and marigolds. Hortic. Sci. 40: 675-679.
  6. Chance, B. and A.C. Maehly. 1995. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol., 2: 764-765.
  7. Dhindsa, R.S., P. Plumb-Dhindsa and T.A. Thorpe. 1981. Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J. Exp. Bot., 32: 93-101.
  8. Ellis, R. A. and E. H. Roberts, 2006. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 9: 373-409.
  9. Flagella Z, Giuliani M, Rotunno T, Di Caterina R and De Caro A, 2004. Effect of saline water on oil yield and quality of a high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus (L.)) hybrid. European Journal of Agronomy 21:267-272.
  10. Frary, A., D. Gol, D. Kels, B. Okmen, H. Pinar, O.Sigva, H. A. Yemenicioglu and S. Doganlar.2010. 'Salt tolerance in Solanum pennellii:antioxidant response and related QTL'. BMC Plant Biol., 10: 58.
  11. Guan Z-Y, Su Y-J, Teng N-J, Chen S-M, Sun H-N, Li C-L and Chen F-D, 2013. Morphological, physiological,and structural responses of two species of Artemisia to NaCl stress. The Scientific World Journal. Vol. 2013, Article ID 309808, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/309808.
  12. Hameed M and Ashraf M, 2008. Physiological and biochemical adaptations of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.from the Salt Range (Pakistan) to salinity stress. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 203: 683-694.
  13. Hosseini, H. and P. Rezvani Moghadam,2006. Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on Isabgol (Plantago ovata ). Irananian Jour. Farm research , 14: 15 -21 . (In Persian).
  14. In salicylic acid and derivatives in the induction of multiple stress tolerance in plants'. Plant Growth Regul. 39: 77-81.
  15. Jaleel, C. A., R. Gopi, B. Sankar, P. Manivannan, A.Kishorekumar, R. Sridharan and R.Panneerselvam. 2007. 'Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipidperoxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus seedlings under salt stress'. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73:190–195.
  16. Khalid KA and da Silva JAT, 2010. Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis (L.) flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 126: 297-305.
  17. Khan S. M., Nazir J., Zahoor HK., Sultan MK., 2006. Yield performance of oyster mushroom. Pak. J. Phytopathology. 18:89-93.
  18. Koyro H-W, 2006. Effect of salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of the potential cash crop halophyte Plantago coronopus (L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 56: 136-146.
  19. Mittova, V., M. Guy, M. Tal and M. Volokita. 2002. Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii to salt-dependent oxidative stress: increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in root plastids. Free Rad. Res., 36: 195-202.
  20. Munns, R., R.A. Jamesand and A. L. auchli. 2006. 'Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals'. J. Exp. Bot. 57,1025–1043.
  21. Parida A.K., A.B. Das and P. Das. 2005. 'NaCl stress causes changes in photosynthetic pigments,proteins and other metabolic components in the leaves of a true mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora, in hydroponic cultures'. J. Plant Biol. 45: 28–36.
  22. Parvaiz, A. and S. Satyawati. 2008. 'Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants'. A review. Plant Soil and Environment, 54(3): 89-99.
  23. Qureshi MI, Israr M, Abdin M and Iqbal M, 2005. Responses of Artemisia annua L. to lead and salt-induced oxidative stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 53: 185-193.
  24. Sabra A, Daayf F and Renault S, 2012. Differential physiological and biochemical responses of three Echinacea species to salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae 135: 23-31.
  25. Safarnejad, A. and H. Hamidi, 2008. Study of morphological characters of Foeniculum vulgare under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 16:125 -140 . (In Persian).
  26. Sairam RK, Rao KV and Srivastava G, 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science 163:1037-1046.
  27. Sairan, R.K. and A. Tyagi. 2004. 'Physiology and molecular biology of salinity stress tolerance in plants'. Curr. Sci. 86, 407–421.
  28. Sarwat M, Ahmad P, Nabi G and Hu X, 2013. Ca2+ signals: the versatile decoders of environmental cues. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 33: 97-109.
  29. Senaratna,T., D. Merrit, K. Dixon, E. Bunn, D.Touchell and K. Sivasithamparam. 2003.'Benzoic acid may act as the functional group.
  30. Stephanie, M., H. Larri and B. Saki, 2005. 'Salt stress and responses of rangeland's plants'. Plant Soil and Environment, 50(2): 67-89.
  31. Sticher, L., B. Mauch-mani and J.P. Metraux.2007. 'Systemic acquired resistance'. Annu.Rev. Phytopathol. 35: 235-270.
  32. Teymori, A. and M. Jafari. 2007. 'Effect of salt stress on some morphological and anatomicalcharacteristics (Salsola dendrides Pall, Salsola rigida SCG, Salsola richteri Moq)'. J. Range and Desert of Iran, 17 (1), 21-34.
  33. Van-Genuchtan, M.T. and G.J. Hoffman. 1984. Analysis of crop salt tolerance data, soil salinity under irrigation process and management. Ecol. Stud, 51: 258-271.
  34. Yang, Y., M. Qi and C. Mei. 2004. 'Endogenous salicylic acid protects rice plants from oxidative damage caused by aging as well asbiotic and abiotic stress'. Plant J. 40:909–919.
  35. Zahra, S., B. Amin, M.V.S. Ali, Y. Ali and Y. Mehdi.2010. 'The salicylic acid effect on the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) sugar,protein and proline contents under salinity stress (NaCl)'. J. Biophy., Struc., Biol. 2(3): 35-41.
Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal
Volume 5, Issue 2
October 2023
Pages 15-24

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